Understand what each technology does

High-frequency sound energy, delivered focused or fractionated at set depths: HIFU/MFU, dermal ultrasound, cavitation and acoustic waves.

Electromagnetic energy that heats tissue in a controlled way — monopolar, bipolar, microneedle-fractional or vacuum-assisted — plus microwaves and electromagnetic muscle stimulation.

Lasers that work in microscopic columns and leave untreated skin between them: CO₂ 10,600 nm, Nd:YAG 1300 nm, Erbium Glass 1550 nm and Thulium 1927 nm.

Lasers with wavelengths chosen for pigment or for vessels: Q-switched Nd:YAG 1064/532 nm, picosecond, KTP 532 nm, long-pulse Nd:YAG 1064 nm and a 940 nm diode.

Lasers and light that target the follicle — Alexandrite 755 nm, 810 nm or four-wavelength diodes, IPL — plus electro-epilation and electrolysis.

Non-laser light, filtered to the right range: IPL, narrow-band DPL, broadband pulsed light, near-infrared and LED.

Techniques that prepare the skin or carry actives into it: microneedling, hydro- and microdermabrasion, electroporation, a needle-free high-pressure jet and aesthetic plasma.

Technologies for contour and body tissue: cryolipolysis, mechanical and roller vacuum, sequential pressotherapy and a 1060 nm diode laser.

The measurements a protocol starts from: multispectral facial analysis, bioimpedance, digital trichoscopy and personal colour analysis.

The tools of micropigmentation: a digital device with sterile modules and a manual tool with sterile blades.